Final answer:
Tuberculosis (TB) is the lung ailment caused by a myobacterium infection, specifically Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The lung ailment caused by a myobacterium infection is tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This disease primarily affects the lungs but can also impact other parts of the body. Unlike influenza, which is a viral infection, or asthma, which is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, tuberculosis is a bacterial condition and can be very serious if not treated properly. Pneumonia, although it affects the lungs and can be caused by various types of pathogens including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, is generally not caused by the mycobacterium that leads to tuberculosis.