Final Answer:
A parasympathetic effect is generally the same as a Muscarinic effect (b).
Step-by-step explanation:
Parasympathetic effects are mediated by acetylcholine acting on muscarinic receptors. Muscarinic receptors are a type of cholinergic receptor that responds to acetylcholine. Therefore, the terms "parasympathetic effect" and "muscarinic effect" are closely related and often used interchangeably. Parasympathetic actions include activities like slowing heart rate, stimulating digestion, and promoting relaxation.
Option (b) "Muscarinic effect" aligns with the physiological responses mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system, making it the correct answer.