Final answer:
Vaginal candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans, leading to symptoms such as itching, burning, and distinctive white discharge. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications and maintaining the vagina's natural microbiota. Although Candida can be transmitted sexually, candidiasis is not classified as an STI.
Step-by-step explanation:
Characteristics of Vaginal Candidiasis
Vaginal candidiasis, more commonly known as a yeast infection, is a condition typically caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans. This organism is a type of yeast that can also cause oral thrush, particularly in infants and those with weakened immune systems. Candida species are a normal part of the body's microbiota but can lead to infection if they overgrow. In the vagina, this results in symptoms such as itching, burning, and a white discharge that may resemble cottage cheese.
Treatment for vaginal candidiasis typically involves antifungal medications, like fluconazole or clotrimazole, which can be administrated either topically or systemically depending on the severity of the infection. Maintaining the natural balance of the normal vaginal microbiota can help prevent overgrowth. It's important to note that while sexual contact can transmit Candida, vaginal candidiasis is not considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Furthermore, Candida species may also cause infections in other parts of the body such as the skin, causing cutaneous candidiasis, and the mouth, resulting in oral thrush. These manifestations of candidiasis are similarly addressed with antifungal agents to manage and contain the overgrowth. Severe cases may require treatments like systemic azoles or amphotericin B, particularly if the strains are resistant to other treatments.