Final answer:
Using a small-gauge needle with a large evacuated tube can lead to hemolysis, which is the breakdown of red blood cells. This is due to the damage caused by the force exerted on the cells by the vacuum of the tube in combination with a narrow needle.
Step-by-step explanation:
Using a small-gauge needle with a large evacuated tube can cause hemolysis. Hemolysis is the breakdown of red blood cells and occurs when the cells are damaged due to excessive force exerted by the vacuum in a large tube combined with the small diameter of the needle. It can result in the release of hemoglobin into the blood plasma, which, in excess, can harm the kidneys. Furthermore, certain conditions like sickle-cell disease and lupus erythematosus can cause increased fragility of RBCs, making them more susceptible to hemolysis.