Final answer:
The primary cause of aortic dissection is high blood pressure, along with risk factors like genetic conditions, age, and a history of related cardiac issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most common cause of aortic dissection is high blood pressure (hypertension), which can lead to the weakening of the artery's wall. Over time, the constant strain from high blood pressure can cause a tear in the layers of the aorta, resulting in an aortic dissection. Other risk factors include age, genetic conditions such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and existing conditions like aortic valve disease or a history of cardiac surgery.