Final answer:
Blood transfusion reactions occur when incompatible ABO blood type is transfused. Hemolytic transfusion reaction is an example of a type II hypersensitivity cytotoxic response. Nursing implications include proper blood typing, monitoring for signs of a reaction, and patient education.
Step-by-step explanation:
Blood transfusion reactions occur when a person receives a transfusion with incompatible ABO blood type. One example of a transfusion reaction is a type II hypersensitivity cytotoxic response called hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR). In this reaction, the recipient's antibodies bind to and destroy the transfused RBCs. This can lead to symptoms such as fever, chills, itching, hives, difficulty breathing, hemoglobin in the urine, and low blood pressure.
Nursing implications include ensuring proper blood typing and cross-matching before transfusion, closely monitoring the patient for any signs of a reaction during and after the transfusion, and promptly initiating appropriate interventions if a transfusion reaction occurs. Nurses should also educate patients about the importance of reporting any symptoms or concerns during or after a transfusion.