Final answer:
Primary open angle glaucoma often presents with increased cup-to-disc ratio on the optic disc and may lead to peripheral vision loss. Increased intraocular pressure is a significant risk factor, with diagnosis and monitoring often involving tests for eye pressure. Regular testing is recommended, especially for those over 40 years of age.
Step-by-step explanation:
The findings of primary open angle glaucoma in the fundus, which is the interior surface of the eye opposite the lens, include characteristic changes to the optic disc. This may involve an increased cup-to-disc ratio, where the central depression of the optic disc becomes enlarged due to the loss of retinal ganglion cells. As glaucoma progresses, this can eventually lead to peripheral vision loss and, if left untreated, to blindness. Additionally, increased intraocular pressure is a significant risk factor for glaucoma, and measures of eye pressure can help in the diagnosis and management of the condition. A common test for intraocular pressure involves applying a force to the anesthetized eye and observing its deformation, which indicates the level of pressure within the eye. Glaucoma is more prevalent in individuals over the age of 40, making regular eye pressure testing essential for early detection and treatment.