Final answer:
Epigenetics studies the influence of environmental factors on gene expression and how this can impact phenotypes. This demonstrates the intricate interplay between nature (genetics) and nurture (environment), with both contributing to an individual's traits. Epigenetic changes can be heritable, influencing not just individuals but subsequent generations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Epigenetics is a field in biology that explores how the environment can influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence itself. This science reflects a complex interplay between nature (genetic inheritance) and nurture (environmental factors). The debate over whether traits are primarily determined by genetics or environmental influences is ongoing. However, it is clear from studies in epigenetics that there is a deep interaction between genes and environment, which both contribute to the development of phenotypes - observable characteristics.
For instance, the exposure to smoking in childhood and trauma has been associated with epigenetic changes that lead to observable differences in height or the development of certain behaviors. These changes in gene expression can be heritable, spanning multiple generations, thus illustrating evolution in real time. Importantly, epigenetic control involves heritable chemical modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modification, affecting how genes are turned on or off.
Ultimately, nature and nurture are interdependent; our genetic makeup provides the potential, while our experiences and environment shape the actualization of this potential, contributing to who we become.