Final answer:
Lab tests for pH, CO₂ partial pressure (PCO₂), and HCO3- can identify acidosis and alkalosis, indicating whether the imbalance is respiratory or metabolic, and the extent to which compensatory mechanisms are working.
Step-by-step explanation:
To correlate signs and symptoms with ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) balance, lab tests for pH, CO₂ partial pressure (PCO₂), and HCO3- can be conducted. These tests help identify acidosis and alkalosis, determine whether the imbalance is respiratory or metabolic, and assess the extent of compensatory mechanisms at work. The blood pH value indicates if the blood is in acidosis, within the normal range, or in alkalosis. The PCO₂ and total HCO3 values assist in specifying whether the condition is metabolic or respiratory, and whether compensation has occurred.
By referring to Table 26.3, you can classify different acid-base imbalances based on laboratory results. Metabolic acid-base imbalances commonly stem from kidney disease, while the respiratory system generally responds to compensate for imbalances.