Final answer:
In the scenario where a dog receives a food reward after four turns, a fixed ratio reinforcement schedule is executed, which rewards a set number of responses - predictable and leads to high, consistent response rates.
Step-by-step explanation:
The scenario you're asking about, where a dog is given a food reward after it turns around four times, is an example of a fixed ratio reinforcement schedule. In such a schedule, a set number of responses must occur before a behavior is rewarded. This approach to training is predictable because the reward is consistently delivered after the designated number of behaviors have been performed, in this case, four turns. Unlike variable ratio schedules, which deliver reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses, the fixed ratio schedule tends to produce a high response rate with a short pause after reinforcement. This is because the subject can predict when the next reward is coming and thus maintains a steady rate of response to get the reward as often as possible.