Final answer:
The relationship between cognitive development and 'the division of attention' is not directly addressed by Carr in the provided text . An inference from the developmental research suggests that the ability to divide attention develops over time and correlates with cognitive advancements during childhood and adolescence (option a).
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Carr, the precise relationship between cognitive development and 'the division of attention' is not explicitly stated in the provided text excerpts. However, we can infer based on the presented material that cognitive development is likely influenced by the ability to focus or divide attention, as attention spans and cognitive processing improve with age. Although the choice of answer in the question provided seems to pertain to specific information from Carr, which is not supplied in the given paragraphs, the general relationship between cognitive development and attention can be gleaned from the developmental stages described by Piaget and the research outcomes on cognitive skills expansion during childhood and adolescence.
In middle and late childhood, children exhibit more logical and organized thought processes, as well as improved capacities for managing concrete information. Yet, it is mentioned that attention spans are quite limited until around the age of 11, suggesting that the division of attention may be challenging for younger children and may have an impact on cognitive tasks. In adolescence, increased processing speed and efficiency contribute to more complex thinking abilities, implying that the ability to effectively divide attention may be a developing skill that relates to cognitive improvements during this stage.