Final answer:
The outflow tract of the right ventricle is called the pulmonary artery, specifically originating from the pulmonary trunk, which divides into the left and right pulmonary arteries.
Step-by-step explanation:
The outflow tract of the right ventricle is also called the pulmonary artery. The single vessel exiting the right ventricle is the pulmonary trunk, which at its base contains the pulmonary semilunar valve to prevent blood backflow into the right ventricle during diastole.
As it reaches the superior surface of the heart, the pulmonary trunk bifurcates into two branches: the left and the right pulmonary arteries. It is important to note this vessel as the pulmonary trunk to avoid confusion with the actual pulmonary arteries that branch out within the lungs. The pulmonary circulation then delivers the blood to the alveoli for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.