Final answer:
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart condition that involves four specific problems: pulmonary infundibular stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart condition characterized by four specific problems. These problems include:
- Pulmonary infundibular stenosis: This refers to the narrowing of the pulmonary valve, making it harder for blood to flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.
- Overriding aorta: In this condition, the aorta, the largest artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body, is shifted above both ventricles instead of being connected to the left ventricle only.
- Ventricular septal defect: This is an abnormal opening in the wall that separates the two lower chambers of the heart, allowing blood to mix between the left and right ventricles.
- Right ventricular hypertrophy: It refers to the enlargement or thickening of the right ventricle due to increased workload.
These four problems together result in abnormal blood flow and inadequate oxygenation in the body, leading to various symptoms and complications.