Final answer:
Congenital heart defects are abnormalities in the heart's structure and include patent foramen ovale defect, coarctation of the aorta, patent ductus arteriosus, and Tetralogy of Fallot. These are often detected through auscultation and confirmed using medical imaging, with treatments ranging from monitoring to surgical repair.
Step-by-step explanation:
The structural classifications of congenital heart defects involve various malformations that occur as a result of abnormal heart development. Some of these include:
- Patent foramen ovale defect, an abnormal opening in the interatrial septum or a failure of the foramen ovale to close.
- Coarctation of the aorta, which is an abnormal narrowing of the aorta.
- Patent ductus arteriosus, a condition where the ductus arteriosus fails to close post-birth.
- Tetralogy of Fallot, which is characterized by four cardiac abnormalities, including an abnormal opening in the interventricular septum or ventricular septal defect.
These defects are commonly first detected through auscultation, using a stethoscope to listen to the heart sounds. Medical imaging, such as echocardiography, is often used to confirm the diagnosis of these defects. The treatment can vary from non-invasive monitoring to surgical repair depending on the severity and type of the defect.