Final answer:
To determine the fractions and mass percent of each element in sucrose, divide the given element mass by the total mass of sucrose and then multiply by 100%. The calculated percentages are 42.2% carbon, 6.5% hydrogen, and 51.4% oxygen, consistent with sucrose's constant composition characteristics.
Step-by-step explanation:
To find the fractions and mass percent of each element in a 10.0g sample of sucrose, which consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, we start with the given masses: carbon (4.22g), hydrogen (0.650g), and oxygen (5.139g). To find the mass fraction, we divide the mass of each element by the total mass of the sucrose sample (10.0g). Then, to find mass percent, we multiply the fractions by 100%.
- Carbon Fraction = 4.22g / 10.0g = 0.422
- Hydrogen Fraction = 0.650g / 10.0g = 0.065
- Oxygen Fraction = 5.139g / 10.0g = 0.5139
These fractions as percentages are:
- Carbon Mass Percent = 0.422 * 100% = 42.2%
- Hygen Mass Percent = 0.065 * 100% = 6.5%
- Oxygen Mass Percent = 0.5139 * 100% = 51.4%
Understanding that any sample of sucrose consists of 42.1% carbon, 6.5% hydrogen, and 51.4% oxygen by mass helps confirm the accuracy of our calculated values. These characteristics are consistent across all samples, highlighting that sucrose is a pure substance with constant composition.