Final answer:
Postmodern criminology (Option C) challenges and seeks to replace existing perspectives with more relevant approaches for the postmodern era, by embracing relativism and social constructivism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The challenge to existing perspectives in order to debunk them and replace them with approaches more relevant to the postmodern era aligns with C. Postmodern criminology. This branch of criminology questions the foundational concepts of previous theories and introduces a new lens of understanding crime and justice, representing a move towards relativism and constructivism. It contends that realities, including criminological concepts, are socially constructed, and therefore subject to change.
Postmodern criminology does this by rejecting the idea that universal truths exist regarding crime and justice. Instead, it argues that what we understand about crime is influenced by a multitude of factors including language, power relations, and individual perspectives. By doing so, postmodern criminology not only challenges traditional theories but also aims to provide a nuanced and more contemporary understanding of crime that reflects the complexities of the postmodern world.