Final answer:
The two categories of diagnostic tests are Presumptive and Confirmatory, which are respectively initial, guiding tests and precise, conclusive tests. The likelihood of a false negative in a highly sensitive test is low, meaning a negative result is a strong indication that the person is not infected.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two categories of diagnostic tests are Presumptive and Confirmatory. Among the options provided, the correct answer is option C) Presumptive and confirmatory. Presumptive tests give an initial indication that a specific substance or disease may be present.
A false positive occurs when a diagnostic test indicates a disease or substance is present when it is not. Reasons for false positives can include cross-reactivity with non-target substances, contamination, or technical errors. A false negative is the failure of a diagnostic test to detect the presence of a disease or substance when it is actually present.