Final answer:
The main obstacles for immigrants in employment are lack of local experience, literacy skills, and transferability of their education and training.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main obstacles for immigrants in finding employment are lack of Canadian experience, lack of literacy skills, and poor transferability of foreign education and training. This is evidenced by findings in Toronto, where foreign experience or non-English names led to fewer job callbacks, and by the challenges faced by migrants in Germany with different cultural backgrounds.
Additionally, professional retraining can be difficult, and these factors can lead to lower employment rates, underemployment, or lower wages for immigrants, especially for those with skills not easily transferred to the host country's labor market.