Final answer:
In step 5 of the decision-making process, variance analysis is used to monitor outcomes and determine if corrective action is needed.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the decision-making process, a variance analysis is typically used in Step 5: Evaluating and choosing among alternatives.
During this step, after generating and evaluating potential solutions or alternatives (Step 4), a variance analysis comes into play to compare the actual outcomes or results with the expected or planned outcomes. By analyzing any variances or deviations between the planned or expected performance and the actual performance, decision-makers can assess whether corrective actions are necessary.
This evaluation phase is critical in determining the effectiveness of the chosen solution and helps in deciding whether adjustments, improvements, or alternative courses of action are required to meet desired goals or outcomes.