The correct shorthand representation of the conditional statement is A) Raining -> Indoors, as it logically connects the weather condition to John's action. Other options do not accurately convey the meaning of the initial statement.
To represent the conditional statement "If it is raining, then John will stay indoors" in shorthand, we would use a conditional arrow. The correct representation is Raining -> Indoors, which states that the first condition (it is raining) logically leads to the second condition (John will stay indoors). In shorthand logical notation, this is expressed as A) Raining -> Indoors.
The other options do not correctly represent the given conditional. Option B suggests the reverse condition, C suggests a biconditional (meaning the two conditions occur together), and D incorrectly relates a person to a weather condition.
A counterexample to a similar conditional, such as "If you walk in the rain, your shirt will get wet," could be a situation where you walk in the rain but your shirt does not get wet, possibly because you are wearing a waterproof jacket. This would disprove the absolute nature of the original statement by providing a specific example that goes against the expected outcome.