Final answer:
Transfection is the process of inserting recombinant DNA into a eukaryotic host cell. It can be achieved using techniques such as electroporation and microinjection.
Step-by-step explanation:
Transfection is the process of inserting recombinant DNA into a eukaryotic host cell. It is used to genetically engineer eukaryotic cells for various purposes. Transfection can be achieved using techniques such as electroporation and microinjection. In electroporation, a brief electric pulse is used to create pores in the cell membrane, allowing the DNA to enter the cell. In microinjection, the DNA is directly injected into the cell cytoplasm using a glass micropipette.