Final answer:
Cornish and Clarke's rational choice perspective was developed in the mid-1980s (option a), significantly later than the periods of religious and political change mentioned in the provided texts. It is related to criminology and considers the cost-benefit analysis in the decision-making process of potential offenders.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cornish and Clarke's rational choice perspective was developed during a specific period in criminological thought. When considering the options provided, it's important to note that this perspective was not established as early as the late 1700s or the late 1800s, but rather in a more contemporary period. The rational choice perspective by Cornish and Clarke emerged in the mid-1980s, which marks it as part of the modern developments in criminological theory. This approach to criminology considers the decision-making processes of individuals before committing a crime, underlining the cost-benefit analysis that potential offenders might undertake.
So, to answer the question, Cornish and Clarke's rational choice perspective was developed in the mid-1980s. This perspective is part of the broader field of criminology, a social science that examines the causes, consequences, and prevention of criminal behavior.