Final answer:
The rules each programming language has for writing instructions are called syntax and grammar.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rules that each programming language has for writing instructions are called syntax and grammar.
Syntax refers to the structure and format of the code, including the order and arrangement of elements. It ensures that the code is written correctly and can be understood by the computer.
Grammar, on the other hand, encompasses the rules and conventions of the language itself, such as how statements and expressions are constructed, how variables are declared, and how loops and conditional statements are written.