Final answer:
The difference between rough and smooth ER is the presence of ribosomes, which are found on the rough ER and are responsible for protein synthesis. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, calcium regulation, and detoxification.
Step-by-step explanation:
A. presence of ribosomes, The primary difference between rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER) is the presence of ribosomes. Rough ER has its surface studded with ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis. These ribosomes are responsible for the synthesis and modification of proteins, which are then destined for the cell membrane or to be exported from the cell.On the other hand, smooth ER lacks ribosomes and thus has a smooth appearance. Smooth ER is involved in lipid biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and the detoxification of toxic compounds. It also plays a role in the regulation of cellular calcium levels and the synthesis of steroid hormones.The functions of these two ER types are essential for cell physiology. While the rough ER works closely with the Golgi apparatus for protein processing and trafficking, smooth ER is critical for lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and detoxification.
The key difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lies in their structure and function. Rough ER: It is characterized by the presence of ribosomes on its surface, giving it a rough appearance. Rough ER is involved in protein synthesis and modification, particularly for proteins destined to be transported to the cell membrane or exported from the cell.Smooth ER: It lacks ribosomes on its surface, giving it a smooth appearance. Smooth ER plays a role in lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, detoxification, and regulation of calcium concentration in the cell.