Final answer:
Budget slack is the intentional overestimation of budget estimates submitted to create a buffer or allowance for contingencies. Option D.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is D. All of these. Budget slack refers to the intentional overestimation of budget estimates submitted, often called padding or cushion, in order to create a buffer or allowance for contingencies.
This padding allows for flexibility in case the costs end up being higher than expected. For example, a project manager might include budget slack in their project budget to account for unforeseen expenses or unexpected delays.
So Option D.