Final answer:
The multi-group pretest/post-test design is a type of quasi-experimental design utilized when random assignment to experimental and control groups is not feasible, and where a pretest and post-test are used to measure the effects of an intervention.
Step-by-step explanation:
The multi-group pretest/post-test design in research methodology is a type of quasi-experimental design. This design is used when researchers want to study the effects of an intervention on different groups but cannot randomly assign participants to experimental and control groups. Instead, existing groups are used, and the intervention is applied to one group (or several) while the other serves as a control. A pretest is given to all groups before the intervention to establish a baseline, then a post-test is given after the intervention to measure its effects. Because of the lack of random assignment, it can be harder to rule out other variables as causes for any observed changes, which is why this design is considered quasi-experimental rather than a true experimental design.
Answer : a) Quasi-experimental design