Final answer:
The most convenient route for administering an antimicrobial for a systemic infection at home is orally. Nitric oxide causes vasodilation and nitroglycerin, which releases nitric oxide, can be administered transdermally using ointments or patches.
Step-by-step explanation:
Appropriate Route of Administration for Antimicrobials
For home administration of an antimicrobial to treat a systemic infection, the appropriate and convenient route would be A. oral. Oral medication is generally preferred due to the ease with which patients can administer it at home. However, if the drug is not absorbed effectively through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, alternative routes such as intravenous or parenteral administration may be required, typically in a healthcare setting.
Vasoactive Chemicals
Among the three paracrine chemicals, c. nitric oxide is known to cause vasodilation. Nitric oxide can diffuse directly across plasma membranes, affecting vascular smooth muscle and inducing relaxation. Nitroglycerin, a medication used to treat heart conditions, works by releasing nitric oxide, which leads to the expansion of blood vessels to improve blood flow.
Transdermal Administration
Certain medications, like nitroglycerin, can be effectively administered through the skin due to the selective permeability of the epidermis. Nitroglycerin, used to relieve chest pain in heart disease, can be delivered using topical ointments or patches. This administration route is significant for patients who are unable to take oral medication or for medications requiring a consistent absorption rate.