Final answer:
The correct instruction for a client taking hydrochlorothiazide is to increase fruit and vegetable intake to maintain proper electrolyte balance, as the medication is a diuretic and can deplete electrolytes.
Step-by-step explanation:
c. You may develop dry mouth or nasal congestion while taking this medication. The nurse should give the client the instruction Increase the amount of fruits and vegetables you eat. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic commonly used in the treatment of hypertension. It works by inhibiting the Na+/Cl-symporter in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and collecting duct, which results in increased excretion of sodium along with water, thereby reducing blood volume and blood pressure. Diuretics can lead to an increased excretion of electrolytes like potassium, which can be depleted from the body alongside sodium and water. Hence, increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables might help maintain proper electrolyte balance. Alcohol consumption should be avoided or moderated, as it can also have a diuretic effect and may lead to dehydration and exacerbate the effects of the medication on blood pressure.
It is not advisable to take hydrochlorothiazide before bed, because increased urination can interrupt sleep. The nurse should give the client the instruction: You may develop dry mouth or nasal congestion while taking this medication. This statement informs the client about a common side effect of oral hydrochlorothiazide, which is a diuretic used to treat hypertension. Diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions, which leads to increased urination. The medication does not need to be taken before going to bed, and alcohol consumption should be avoided while taking it.