Final answer:
The correct equation for the production of ATP during photosynthesis is D. ADP + P → ATP, which takes place in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, where solar energy is transformed into chemical energy used during the Calvin cycle. Therefore, the correct option is D.
Step-by-step explanation:
During photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts where solar energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. Both of these molecules then provide the energy needed for the light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle, where sugars are synthesized from carbon dioxide.
The light-dependent reactions involve the splitting of water molecules to release electrons, hydrogen ions, and oxygen. During this process, ADP (adenosine diphosphate) is combined with a phosphate group (P) to form ATP, as the equation indicates. This process of phosphorylation is essential for the production of ATP, which is the primary energy currency of the cell.