Question

What are the three primary outcomes of complement activation?

A. Promotion of inflammation, neutralization, T-cell proliferation
B. Expression of Toll-like receptors, opsonization, complement receptor activation
C. Neutralization, opsonization, T-cell proliferation
D. Promotion of inflammation, opsonization, target cell killing
E. Opsonization, T-cell activation, antibody binding to Fc receptors

Answer 1

The three primary outcomes of complement activation are promotion of inflammation, opsonization, and target cell killing.

Step-by-step explanation:

The three primary outcomes of complement activation are promotion of inflammation, opsonization, and target cell killing. Inflammation is a response that brings phagocytic cells to the site of infection. Opsonization occurs when surface-bound complement fragments coat the pathogen, marking it for destruction by phagocytic cells. Target cell killing is achieved by the formation of the membrane-attack complex (MAC), which disrupts the osmotic balance of pathogens.