Final answer:
To turn the nose wheel past 78 degrees and 90 degrees, a 'free caster' wheel and a steering mechanism are required.
Step-by-step explanation:
To turn the nose wheel past 78 degrees and 90 degrees, the steering mechanism on the aircraft or vehicle would need to be able to rotate the wheel beyond those angles. This requires a setup known as a 'free caster' wheel, which is commonly used in aircraft and some vehicles.
A 'free caster' wheel refers to a type of wheel that can rotate freely in any direction when not actively being steered. This allows the wheel to rotate past 78 degrees and 90 degrees if necessary.
For example, in aircraft, the nose wheel is typically attached to a steering mechanism called a 'tiller'. By applying force to the tiller, the pilot can turn the nose wheel to the desired angle, including angles past 78 degrees and 90 degrees.