Question

Taking into consideration that the Psychodynamic (Psychoanalytic) Model explains abnormality in terms of internal (intrapsychic, unconscious) dynamics at work within the individual, which of the following statements refers to Behavioral (Learning Theory) Model?

A. The cognitive-behavioral position emphasizes the role of mental factors to explain abnormality, primarily through cognitive distortions (Beck) or irrational thinking (Ellis)
B. Abnormality in terms of internal dynamics at work within the individual
C. The human being as an organism made up of numerous biologic and biochemical systems which are primarily responsible for determining adjustment, behavior, and disorders
D. Applies the laws of learning, motivation, and conditioning to explain abnormality in terms of behavioral excesses and deficits.

Answer 1

The Behavioral Model explains abnormality using learning, motivation, and conditioning principles, focusing on observable behavior rather than unconscious processes.

Step-by-step explanation:

The statement that refers to the Behavioral (Learning Theory) Model, when considering the Psychodynamic Model, explains abnormality through behavioral learning processes, is: D. Applies the laws of learning, motivation, and conditioning to explain abnormality in terms of behavioral excesses and deficits. Unlike the psychodynamic approach, which focuses on internal processes and unconscious motivations, the behavioral model is based on observable, measurable phenomena and posits that behavior is learned through environmental interaction. We learn to increase reinforced behaviors and decrease those punished, leading to the development and change of our behavior patterns over time.