Final answer:
Major organelles within a cell include the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, chloroplasts (in plant cells), and vacuoles. These organelles have different functions and contribute to various cellular activities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Major Organelles found within a cell:
- Nucleus: Contains the cell's genetic material and controls cell activities.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Involved in protein and lipid synthesis, and transport within the cell.
- Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport within and outside the cell.
- Mitochondria: Generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
- Lysosomes: Contain digestive enzymes for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.
- Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins within the cell.
- Chloroplasts (in plant cells): Site of photosynthesis, where sunlight is converted into energy-rich molecules.
- Vacuoles: Store water, nutrients, and waste materials.