Final answer:
The calculator for consumer surplus involves the mathematical concept of integration, which calculates the area under a curve.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mathematical concept involved in the calculator for consumer surplus is integration. Integration is a mathematical operation that calculates the area under a curve, and it is used to find the total consumer surplus in this context. Consumer surplus represents the benefit consumers receive when they are able to purchase a good at a price lower than what they are willing to pay.