Final answer:
The Hindu Arabic system's superiority was primarily due to the concept of zero, which enabled more complex mathematics and the development of fields like algebra.
Step-by-step explanation:
The single factor that made the Hindu Arabic system superior to all others was a) The concept of zero. The introduction of zero as both a numeral and a concept for denoting nothingness revolutionized mathematics, making calculations more precise and allowing for the development of advanced mathematical concepts like negative numbers and algebra. This innovation, originating from Gupta Empire mathematicians such as Brahmagupta, was disseminated through the Indian subcontinent and subsequently to the Arab world, significantly influencing the field of mathematics and beyond, enabling the scientific advances that characterize the Modern Age.