Final answer:
The two primary types of breathing patterns are diaphragmatic and costal breathing. Diaphragmatic breathing involves the diaphragm, while costal involves the intercostal muscles, with both patterns integral to pulmonary ventilation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two primary types of breathing patterns are diaphragmatic breathing and costal breathing. Diaphragmatic breathing, also known as deep breathing, involves the diaphragm contracting to allow air into the lungs, followed by relaxation to expel air passively. In costal or shallow breathing, the contraction of the intercostal muscles helps inflate the lungs, and their relaxation results in passive air expulsion.
Pulmonary ventilation, which comprises inspiration and expiration, relies on these breathing patterns. Normal breathing utilizes the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles for inspiration, while forced breathing during activities like exercise can involve additional accessory muscles in both phases.