Final answer:
Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement both increase the likelihood of a behavioral response, while positive punishment and negative punishment both decrease the likelihood of a behavioral response.
Step-by-step explanation:
In operant conditioning, positive and negative do not mean good and bad. Positive means adding something, while negative means taking something away. Reinforcement increases a behavior, and punishment decreases a behavior. Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement both increase the likelihood of a behavioral response, while positive punishment and negative punishment both decrease the likelihood of a behavioral response.