Final answer:
To determine the pH of each solution, we can use the relationship between hydroxide ions and hydrogen ions. By calculating the concentration of hydrogen ions, we can find the pH using the formula pH = -log[H+]. The pH of the given solutions are: (a) 12, (b) 11, and (c) 10.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine the pH of a solution, we need to know the concentration of the hydroxide ions (OH-) in the solution. Since the substances in the given solutions ionize completely, we can directly use the concentration of the compound to determine the concentration of OH-.
The pH of a solution is calculated using the formula pH = -log[H+]. Since [H+] + [OH-] = 10^-14 M, we can use this relationship to determine the concentration of [H+], and subsequently the pH of the solution.
a. For 1.0 × 10^-2 M NaOH:
[OH-] = 1.0 × 10^-2 M
[H+] = 10^-14 / [OH-] = 10^-14 / (1.0 × 10^-2) = 10^-12 M
pH = -log(10^-12) = 12
b. For 1.0 × 10^-3 M KOH:
[OH-] = 1.0 × 10^-3 M
[H+] = 10^-14 / [OH-] = 10^-14 / (1.0 × 10^-3) = 10^-11 M
pH = -log(10^-11) = 11
c. For 1.0 × 10^-4 M LiOH:
[OH-] = 1.0 × 10^-4 M
[H+] = 10^-14 / [OH-] = 10^-14 / (1.0 × 10^-4) = 10^-10 M
pH = -log(10^-10) = 10