Final answer:
The group of elements that exist in the Earth's rocks, soil, and water are known as the lithosphere elements. Among the options provided, the alkaline earth metals, part of Group 2, are particularly abundant in the Earth's crust.
Step-by-step explanation:
The elements that exist in the Earth's rocks, soil, and water are collectively known as the lithosphere elements.
Among the different categories mentioned in the options, the alkaline earth metals belong to Group 2 in the periodic table.
These elements, which include beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium, have two electrons in their outer orbital and form basic (alkaline) solutions when dissolved in water. Calcium and magnesium are notably abundant in the Earth's crust and are part of the lithosphere elements.