Final answer:
Translocation is the process where the ribosome moves along the mRNA to the next codon after the peptidyl transfer reaction, facilitated by elongation factor-G (EF-G).
Step-by-step explanation:
The movement of the ribosome to the next codon that occurs after the peptidyl transfer reaction is called translocation.
During translocation, the ribosome moves along the mRNA towards the 3' end by a distance of one codon, which consists of three bases. This process involves elongation factor-G (EF-G), also referred to as translocase, which catalyzes GTP hydrolysis to provide energy for the movement.
As a result, the dipeptide is shifted from the A-site to the P-site along with its tRNA, and the deacylated tRNA from the initial pairing is released into the cytosol. This positions the next codon of mRNA at the A site.