Final answer:
The process that removes and transports sediment grains from their parent rock is called erosion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sedimentary process that allows for the removal of sediment grains from near their parent rock is termed erosion. Erosion involves both the breaking down of rocks and soil in one location through processes including weathering and the moving of these eroded materials by natural forces such as water, wind, or ice to another location. Clastic sedimentary rocks form as these eroded particles are transported and deposited in new locations.