Final answer:
The school of American psychology that focused on describing the elements of conscious experience is known as Structuralism, which used introspection to analyze mental processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The school of American psychology that set out to describe the elements of conscious experience is Structuralism. This approach was developed by Wilhelm Wundt and his student Edward Titchener, with the aim of breaking down mental processes into their most basic elements. Structuralists believed that the way to understand the mind was through the process of introspection, which involved a systematic analysis of one's own conscious experience. The structuralists were concerned with mapping out the basic structure of the mind in a way that could categorize the different types of mental experiences.