Final answer:
The expulsion of food and fluids from the stomach through the mouth is known as emesis or vomiting, which is a protective mechanism regulated by the medulla.
Step-by-step explanation:
Emesis, or vomiting, is the correct term for the expulsion of food and fluids from the stomach through the mouth. Vomiting is a protective mechanism of the body that is often triggered by irritants affecting the digestive tract, which may include viruses, bacteria, emotional stress, or food poisoning. The strong contractions of the stomach muscles facilitate this forceful expulsion.
This process is regulated by the medulla, which is part of the brainstem. In contrast, regurgitation is the passive flow of undigested food or drink from the esophagus without nausea or forceful abdominal contractions, dysphagia refers to difficulty in swallowing, and gastroenteritis is inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often caused by an infection or toxin.