Final answer:
The Sumerians used the base 60 number system for measuring time, which influenced modern timekeeping and astronomy and was also employed in the fields of engineering and agriculture.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Sumerians utilized the base 60 number system primarily for measuring time, which is evident from their contribution to the creation of the 60-second minute and corresponding divisions within their calendar systems.
This ancient system has profoundly influenced modern timekeeping and mathematical systems with notable applications in various fields, such as astronomy, where they mapped the stars and used their understanding of celestial cycles to inform agricultural activities. Additionally, the Sumerians employed their mathematical ingenuity in engineering projects, such as the construction of irrigation systems and the design of cities, by advancing agricultural efficiency and urban planning.