Question

Which enlightenment philosopher and idea did Thomas Jefferson use to justify the Declaration of Independence?

1) John Locke and the idea of natural rights
2) Voltaire and the idea of religious freedom
3) Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the idea of social contract
4) Montesquieu and the idea of separation of powers

Answer 1

Thomas Jefferson drew upon John Locke's ideas of natural rights to justify the Declaration of Independence, asserting that people have the right to change a government that fails to protect these inalienable rights.

Step-by-step explanation:

Thomas Jefferson utilized the Enlightenment philosopher John Locke's ideas to justify the Declaration of Independence. Locke's concept of natural rights, comprising life, liberty, and property (which Jefferson adapted to 'the pursuit of happiness'), provided a philosophical foundation for declaring independence from British rule. These rights, according to Locke, were inalienable and fundamental to human beings, forming a cornerstone of legitimate governance. Jefferson asserted that when a government fails to protect these rights, the people have the authority to alter or abolish it and institute new governance that would better secure their future safety and happiness. This principle was directly reflected in the Declaration's famous preamble and justified the American colonies' break from the British Crown.