Final answer:
Karyotyping uses microscopic analysis of stained chromosomes to identify chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders.
Step-by-step explanation:
The procedure that uses information obtained by microscopic analysis of stained chromosomes is karyotyping. Karyotyping involves staining the chromosomes with dyes to visualize the banding patterns of each chromosome pair. Using bright-field microscopy, an experienced geneticist can identify and arrange the chromosomes into a karyotype, which provides valuable information about chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders.