Final answer:
Epidemic typhus is the disease that is transmitted by body lice, caused by the bacterium Rickettsia prowazekii, with symptoms including high fever, body aches, and a rash.
Step-by-step explanation:
The disease transmitted by body lice is epidemic typhus, which is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia prowazekii. This disease is characterized by symptoms such as high fever, body aches, and a rash that begins on the trunk and spreads to the extremities. Severe cases can lead to complications such as shock or damage to the heart and brain tissues. Other diseases such as yellow fever, Dengue fever, and the West Nile virus are transmitted by mosquitoes, while diseases like bubonic plague are typically spread by fleas.