Final answer:
Edema refers to the swelling that occurs as a result of inflammation, characterized by the accumulation of excess water in the tissues.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that refers to swelling as a result of inflammation is c) Edema. Edema is characterized by the accumulation of excess water in the tissues, commonly due to increased vascular permeability, which allows water to leak from blood capillaries. In the context of the other options provided, hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells, hypertrophy is the increase in the size of a structure, such as a muscle, and atrophy is the decrease in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue.