Final answer:
The structure through which olfactory nerve fibers are transmitted is the olfactory bulb. Axons of the olfactory receptor neurons synapse with the neurons of the olfactory bulb, which is a neural structure in the vertebrate brain that receives signals from olfactory receptors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The structure through which olfactory nerve fibers are transmitted is the olfactory bulb. The olfactory bulb is a neural structure in the vertebrate brain that receives signals from olfactory receptors. Axons of the olfactory receptor neurons project through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and synapse with the neurons of the olfactory bulb. From there, the olfactory information is transmitted to several brain regions.