Question

In terms of interlocking contingencies, a vertical arrow(downward) from the speaker's operant chain to that of the listener's indicates that:

(a) the speaker's behavior causes stimulation and/or reinforcement for the listener's behavior
(b) the listener is causally motivated to behave as the speaker requests
(c) the speaker is causally motivated to produce a condition for the listener
(d) the interaction between the speaker and the listener is mutually anticipated

Answer 1

A vertical arrow from the speaker's operant chain to that of the listener's indicates that the speaker's behavior causes stimulation and/or reinforcement for the listener's behavior.

Step-by-step explanation:

In terms of interlocking contingencies, a vertical arrow (downward) from the speaker's operant chain to that of the listener's indicates that the speaker's behavior causes stimulation and/or reinforcement for the listener's behavior.

For example, if a teacher asks a student to raise their hand and the student complies, the teacher's behavior of requesting the student to raise their hand serves as a cue for the student's behavior of raising their hand.

This vertical arrow signifies that the speaker's behavior influences the listener's behavior through environmental consequences.